This course will revisit the ideas put forward throughout the 20th century by various Anglo-Saxon personalities—including forestry engineers, urban planners, and landscape architects—who were concerned with the medium- and long-term consequences of human action on the environment. Rooted in an intellectual lineage dating back to the 19th century (Thoreau, Marsh), these thinkers sought to explore and experiment with design methodologies that embraced a different relationship with nature and a mode of human settlement more respectful of resources, ecosystems, landscapes, and human beings.

Set apart from debates and initiatives focused on strengthening nature conservation, these ideas remain particularly relevant because they aim to establish the foundations of a science of human settlements on Earth—one that prioritises the preservation of its fundamental balances.